Few cosmetic ingredients carry as much history, science and cultural value as argan oil. Often referred to as the “gold of Morocco”, argan oil has moved from traditional local use to global beauty icon, becoming a staple in skincare, haircare and body products.
Its rise is not accidental. Argan oil combines a rare botanical origin, a labor-intensive production process and a lipid profile that makes real sense for skin and hair. And in an era where barrier care and lipid balance are trending, argan oil feels more relevant than ever.
The official botanical name of the argan tree is Argania spinosa, also known as arganier. This extraordinary tree grows almost exclusively in the semi-arid regions of south-western Morocco, where it plays a crucial role in maintaining the local ecosystem and preventing desertification.
Argania spinosa is a perennial, extremely resilient tree that can live for up to 300 years. Its roots may extend up to 50 meters deep, allowing it to survive with minimal water in harsh, dry conditions. The tree can reach heights of around 8–10 meters and has remained virtually unchanged for over 1.6 million years.
Because the area where the argan tree grows is steadily shrinking, the argan forest has been recognised by UNESCO as a protected biosphere reserve. This protection is not only ecological, but also cultural.
a unique ecosystem and a famous local mythOne of the most well-known images associated with argan trees is that of goats climbing their branches. While this sight is real, the popular story that goats are responsible for spreading argan trees is more folklore than science.
What is true is that argan fruits are an important food source for animals such as goats and camels, and that the tree has adapted to coexist with local wildlife in an environment where survival requires ingenuity.
from fruit to oil: a slow and careful processArgan oil is extracted from the fruit of the argan tree, which takes almost a full year to mature. The fruit is green to yellow and contains a hard nut with kernels inside, from which the oil is obtained.
Traditional argan oil production is a long and demanding process that has been passed down through generations. Even today, a large part of the production is carried out by women’s cooperatives, particularly those organised under recognised unions that support fair trade and sustainable practices.
Producing one litre of argan oil can take many hours of manual work, from fruit collection and drying to kernel extraction and cold pressing. This is one of the reasons authentic argan oil has always been valuable.
chemical composition: why argan oil worksArgan oil owes its cosmetic value to a well-balanced lipid profile.
It is particularly rich in oleic acid (around 45%) and linoleic acid (around 35%), making it an excellent source of essential fatty acids. Linoleic acid is especially important for maintaining a healthy skin barrier and supporting ceramide production.
Argan oil also contains significant amounts of vitamin E, mainly in the form of tocopherols, which contribute antioxidant protection. In addition, it provides phytosterols, polyphenols (including ferulic acid derivatives) and small amounts of squalene, all of which support skin comfort and resilience.
Together, these components help protect the skin from oxidative stress and support its natural repair mechanisms.
benefits for the skinIn skincare, argan oil is valued for its ability to soften, nourish and improve skin elasticity without feeling overly heavy. Studies have shown that regular topical application can help improve skin elasticity, including in post-menopausal skin, where lipid depletion is common.
Because of its linoleic acid content, argan oil supports barrier function and helps reduce transepidermal water loss. This makes it suitable for dry, sensitive or compromised skin, as well as for skin that feels tight or rough.
Argan oil also shows a sebum-balancing effect, which explains why it can be well tolerated even by acne-prone skin when used appropriately. Its anti-inflammatory components contribute to calming irritated skin and supporting conditions associated with dryness and discomfort.
benefits for hair and scalpArgan oil has earned its reputation in haircare for good reason. It helps improve hair softness, shine and manageability by reinforcing the lipid layer of the hair fibre. This can reduce the appearance of split ends and protect hair from mechanical stress.
On the scalp, argan oil supports hydration and comfort, making it useful in products designed for dry or sensitive scalp conditions. Its antioxidant and soothing properties also make it suitable for protecting hair exposed to heat styling or sun exposure.
how argan oil is used in cosmeticsIn cosmetic products, argan oil is commonly found in facial serums, creams, body lotions, balms, hair masks and leave-in treatments. It can be used both day and night, depending on the formulation.
A few drops are usually sufficient, either on their own or blended with other oils to create a balanced lipid profile. Argan oil pairs well with oils richer in saturated fatty acids, helping improve texture and absorption.
how to recognise quality argan oilAuthentic cosmetic-grade argan oil should list Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil as its INCI name. It should be cold-pressed and intended specifically for cosmetic use. Cosmetic argan oil differs from edible argan oil in processing and sensory profile.
As with any new product, a patch test is recommended, although adverse reactions are rare.
fun facts about argan oil- Argan oil has been used for centuries by local populations to protect skin and hair from desert wind, sun and sand.
- Only one country in the world produces argan oil on a significant scale.
- The argan tree contributes directly to preventing soil erosion and desert expansion.
Argan oil is not a trend ingredient by chance. Its unique origin, careful production and scientifically supported lipid composition make it a valuable ally for skin, body and hair care.
Rather than promising miracles, argan oil works by supporting what the skin and hair naturally need: lipids, protection and balance. And that is precisely why the “gold of Morocco” continues to shine in modern cosmetics.
